Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan Asam Laktat Pada Pasien Terkonfirmasi Positif Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit Swasta Di Jakarta Utara Tahun 2020-2021
Abstract
Pneumonia pada pasien yang terinfeksi Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) bisa menyebabkan komplikasi berbahaya, salah satunya adalah Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ARDS merupakan keadaan gagal nafas yang ditandai dengan hipoksia berat. Pada keadaan hipoksia tubuh bisa mengalami peningkatan kadar laktat yang berhubungan dengan penurunan pH darah yang akan mengarah pada keadaan asidosis laktat. Kadar asam laktat tinggi pada pemeriksaan awal secara bermakna menunjukkan peningkatan angka mortalitas. Diagnosis laboratorium yang digunakan untuk menegakkan asidosis laktat adalah analisis gas darah atau menghitung anion gap serum serta mengukur langsung kadar aktat. Sehingga, peneliti ingin mengetahui gambaran hasil pemeriksaan asam laktat pada pasien terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19 di RS Swasta di Jakarta Utara periode Juli 2020-Maret 2021. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan data sekunder dari RS Swasta di Jakarta Utara pada pasien terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19 yang dirawat di kamar isolasi maupun ICU isolasi yang melakukan pemeriksaan asam laktat. Berdasarkan analisis data pada pasien ini didapatkan hasil rerata kadar asam laktat pada pasien rawat inap isolasi yaitu 1,9 mmol/L dan pada pasien rawat inap ICU isolasi yaitu 2,2 mmol/L. Dapat disimpulkan dalam penelitian ini bahwa terjadi peningkatan kadar asam laktat pada pasien rawat inap yang terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19, baik pasien yang dirawat di kamar isolasi dengan stadium penyakit sedang maupun kamar ICU isolasi dengan stadium penyakit berat, namun didapatkan kadar asam laktat normal pada pasien dengan stadium penyakit sedang dan berat. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat melakukan penelitian dengan menambahkan informasi kadar asam laktat pada pasien Covid-19 secara berseri.
Kata kunci : Asam laktat, Hipoksia, Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37012/anakes.v7i2.706
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