Analysis of Health Human Resources Needs in Primary Health Centers (Puskesmas) of Cianjur Regency

Abstract

Human Resources for Health (HRH) are a key component of quality health services at Puskesmas. Cianjur Regency has 47 Puskesmas with diverse regional characteristics, requiring appropriate HRH planning. However, the 2024 Health Profile showed that only 15 of 47 Puskesmas (32%) met the minimum standard of nine types of health worker, while 32 (68%) did not. This study aimed to analyze the condition of HRH in Puskesmas of Cianjur Regency in 2026 based on availability, needs, distribution, and adequacy of health workers. A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on all 47 Puskesmas (total sampling) using secondary data from the Health Workforce Information System (SISDMK), workforce planning documents, and the Cianjur District Health Profile, analyzed univariately with gap analysis. Results showed 2,625 health workers were recorded across 47 Puskesmas, dominated by midwives (43.5%) and nurses (23.3%), while standard requirements reached 3,017 personnel, leaving a total gap of -392 (13.0%). Puskesmas-level categories were determind by comparing the total number of all available workforce types with the total standard requirement, while adequacy by workforce type was analyzed separately. Thirty-three Puskesmas (70.2%) fell into the shortage category, 12 (25.5%) had a surplus, and only 2 (4.3%) matched the standard. Nevertheless, all Puskesmas still had a shortage in at least one workforce type. All 11 workforce types showed an aggregate deficit, largest for nurses (-68), with moderate inequality in distribution (coefficient of variation 25.7%) and a moderate positive correlation with population (r=0.64). The main barrier was limited staffing formation/budget (93.6% of Puskesmas). Policies on formation expansion, workforce redistribution, and accelerated recruitment are needed to address this HRH gap.