Analysis of Factors Affecting Stress Levels Among Post-Retirement Elderly in Kelapa Gading Barat Urban Village, Kelapa Gading District, North Jakarta

Abstract

Retirement is a transitional phase into old age that requires individuals to adapt to physical, psychological, social, and economic changes. Failure to adapt to these changes may increase the risk of stress among older adults. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with stress levels among post-retirement elderly individuals in Kelapa Gading Barat Village, Kelapa Gading District, North Jakarta, including age, gender, physical dependency, family support, loneliness, and social engagement. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of post-retirement elderly residents living in Kelapa Gading Barat Village. A total of 98 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. The results showed that gender (p=0.010; OR=3.168), physical dependency (p=0.030; OR=2.824), family support (p=0.026; OR=3.098), and loneliness (p=0.001; OR=4.263) were significantly associated with stress levels. In contrast, age (p=1.000) and social engagement (p=0.108) were not significantly associated with stress levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that loneliness was the most dominant factor associated with stress levels among post-retirement elderly individuals (p=0.002; OR=4.059; 95% CI=1.673–9.849). In conclusion, loneliness is the primary factor associated with stress among post-retirement elderly individuals. Therefore, promotive and preventive efforts are needed through mental health screening, counseling services, support group development, and increased community awareness and social participation to reduce loneliness and prevent stress among older adults.