Literature Review: Factors Influencing the Success of Recruitment and Selection in the Healthcare Sector

Abstract

Quality human resources are a key factor in determining the success of healthcare organizations. Effective recruitment and selection are strategic steps to acquire competent healthcare workers according to organizational needs. This study aims to identify factors influencing successful recruitment and selection in the healthcare sector through a literature review. A literature search was conducted from January to February 2026 using PRISMA guidelines through the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink databases. The search strategy employed a combination of keywords ("recruitment" OR "hiring") AND ("selection" OR "staff selection") AND ("healthcare" OR hospital OR health workforce) and their Indonesian equivalents. Articles were limited to publications published between 2020 and 2025, available in full text, in Indonesian or English, and discussing factors in the recruitment and selection of healthcare workers. A total of 412 articles were retrieved from the initial search process. After removing duplicates and screening based on title, abstract, and full-text eligibility, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The study results indicate that successful recruitment and selection are influenced by internal factors such as human resource planning, employer branding, recruitment strategies, competency-based selection methods, and management involvement. External factors include labor market conditions, government regulations, compensation, career development opportunities, and organizational reputation. Implementing a transparent, objective, and competency-based recruitment system contributes to improving the quality of healthcare workers and organizational performance. It was concluded that implementing a structured, transparent, and competency-based recruitment and selection system can improve the quality of healthcare workers and support organizational performance. Therefore, healthcare organizations are advised to strengthen human resource needs planning, implement competency-based selection methods, and conduct regular evaluations of the recruitment process to secure a quality and sustainable workforce.