Relationship Between Lighting Intensity and Laptop Use Duration with Asthenopia Among Employees at PT PLN (Persero) UP2B DKI Jakarta and Banten in 2026

Abstract

Prolonged laptop use risks eye fatigue (asthenopia), and inadequate lighting may contribute. A preliminary study at PT PLN (Persero) UP2B DKI Jakarta and Banten found that 75% of 20 employees reported eye symptoms and lighting in some rooms was only 142–200 lux. This study aimed to analyze the association of lighting intensity and laptop use duration with asthenopia. A quantitative, analytic, cross-sectional design was applied to 67 employees (total sampling). Lighting was measured with a lux meter, while laptop use duration and asthenopia were assessed using a modified Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire (ASQ-17). Data were analyzed with the chi-square test (α = 0.05). Asthenopia occurred in 34 respondents (50.7%); 47 (70.1%) worked under substandard lighting, and 45 (67.2%) used laptops for more than 4 hours daily. Asthenopia was more frequent in rooms meeting the standard (70.0%) than in substandard rooms (42.6%) (p = 0.040; OR = 0.317; 95% CI 0.104–0.971), but not with continuity correction (p = 0.074) or Fisher's exact test (p = 0.061). Laptop use duration was not associated with asthenopia (p = 0.730). The company should assess lighting at each workstation, arrange desks relative to windows, and educate employees about other causes of eye fatigue.