Analysis of Predisposing and Driving Factors of Unsafe Actions by Operational Workers at the Tanjung Priok Port Passenger Terminal

Abstract

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a critical global issue as it directly relates to worker protection, productivity, and economic sustainability. According to a 2021 report by the International Labour Organization (ILO), there are more than 250 million workplace accidents annually, 160 million workers experience occupational diseases, and 1.2 million work-related deaths (Alfiana et al., 2024). Unsafe behavior (unsafe actions) is a dominant factor causing workplace accidents in port environments. Unsafe actions often arise due to a lack of knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and other predisposing factors such as age, gender, education level, and length of service. This study aims to determine the factors associated with unsafe actions among operational workers at PT Pelindo Regional 2 Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta. The type of research used is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 61 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed via Google Form, with data analysis using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.001), attitude (p=0.003), and compliance (p=0.002) with unsafe behavior. Meanwhile, the variables of education (p=0.255), length of service (p=0.500), training (p=0.981), supervision (p=0.573), and regulation (p=0.981) did not show a significant relationship with unsafe behavior. It was concluded that knowledge, attitude, and compliance are important factors influencing unsafe behavior in the port work environment.