Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Perkotaan (e-ISSN 2776-0944 and p-ISSN 2776-0952) was first established in 2021. The journal is managed by the Research and Community Service Institute (LPPM) of Mohammad Husni Thamrin University. The Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Perkotaan published two editions in one year (March and September). This journal accepts articles or scientific paper that focus on health issues. Since 2021, submitted papers must be written in English or Bahasa Indonesia for an initial review stage by editors and further review process by a minimum of two anymous reviewers. Journal Title Initials Frequency DOI ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Editor-in-Chief Publisher : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Perkotaan : JKMP : Biannualy (March and September) : 10.37012 : 2776-0952 : 2776-0944 : Ir. Yohanes Bowo Widodo, M.Kom : LPPM Universitas Mohammad Husni Thamrin
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Perkotaan allows readers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles and allow readers to use them for any other lawful purpose. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions. Finally, the journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions Authors are allowed to archive their submitted article in an open access repository Authors are allowed to archive the final published article in an open access repository with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.
The Effect of Anemia Education Through Animated Video Media on the Behavior and Compliance of Taking Iron Supplement Tablets among Students of SMPN 31 Medan
Anemia is a public health problem that is still often found in adolescent age groups, especially adolescent girls. Anemia in adolescent girls remains a health problem that impacts fitness, concentration, and academic achievement, so an effective educational strategy is needed to increase the consumption of Iron Supplement Tablets (TTD). This study aims to analyze the effect of anemia education through animated video media on knowledge, attitudes, and compliance with TTD consumption in female students of SMPN 31 Medan. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test design and involved 56 eighth-grade female students. The intervention was in the form of playing an educational animated video with a duration of ± 3 minutes, while the instruments included a knowledge questionnaire, an attitude questionnaire, and a compliance control card. Analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge, attitudes, and compliance after education, with a p value of 0.000 each (p < 0.05). Knowledge in the good category increased from 33.9% to 100%, good attitude increased from 28.6% to 66.1%, and compliance from completely non-compliant changed to 57.1% compliant. The conclusion of the study shows that anemia education through animated videos is effective in increasing understanding, forming positive attitudes, and encouraging compliance with iron supplement consumption in adolescent girls, so it is worthy of being recommended as a promotional education medium in schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Wulandari Andri Dalimunthe Dalimunthe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilization of BPJS Health in the hearLIFE Hearing Aid Procurement Process
BPJS Kesehatan is a government policy in the health sector, one of the BPJS Kesehatan programs is the procurement of hearing aids that have been regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health using the NonINA-CBG Tarif. Hearing loss is a shared responsibility between the government and the community. The state plays a crucial role in ensuring access to health services for all citizens. This study aims to utilize BPJS Kesehatan's knowledge in the hearing aid procurement process using quantitative methods and descriptive approaches, sampling through purposive sampling techniques with a sample size of 78 respondents.The results of the study showed that the number of female respondents was higher, namely 60.3%. The highest age was in the 70-74 age group at 19.2%, the highest number of hearing disorders was known in moderate deafness (41-70 dB) at 46.2%. Patient knowledge of the existence of BPJS services was known to be 96.2% who knew about this service, as many as 78.2% felt helped using hearing aids and all respondents knew about how to use and service services if the hearing aid had problems. From this study, it is hoped that there will be more information about BPJS services for all BPJS Kesehatan service users, and the government can increase the NonINA-CBG tariff for hearing aids, so that they are available for various types of hearing disorders, and services for patients using hearing aids can be improved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Andini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hypnotherapy and Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Interventions on Mental Health of Students at SMAN 68 Jakarta
Student anxiety has become an increasing mental health concern that may negatively affect academic performance and psychological well-being. Complementary psychological interventions offer promising alternatives to reduce anxiety in school settings. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), and their combination in reducing students’ anxiety levels. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group approach was employed. The sample was divided into four groups: hypnotherapy, EFT, combination, and control group. Anxiety levels were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Data were analyzed using paired sample t-tests and comparative tests between groups. The results showed that the hypnotherapy, EFT, and combination groups experienced statistically significant reductions in GAD-7 scores (p < 0.001) with large effect sizes, whereas the control group showed no significant change (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found among the three intervention methods. In conclusion, hypnotherapy, EFT, and their combination are effective in reducing students’ anxiety levels and have potential to be implemented as school-based mental health interventions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Andri Hakim Arditiyanto, Lilis Heri Mis Cicih , Siti Jumhati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Students’ Anxiety Levels and Learning Motivation in Mathematics at SMPN 252 Jakarta
Mathematics anxiety and low learning motivation are psychological factors that may hinder students’ academic achievement. Emotional-based learning approaches are needed to create a more effective and humanistic learning process. This study aimed to analyze the effect of hypnotherapy on students’ anxiety levels and learning motivation in mathematics at SMPN 252 Jakarta. A quantitative method with a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed. The sample consisted of 52 students divided into an intervention group (26 students) and a control group (26 students). Data were collected through questionnaires administered before and after the intervention and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and paired sample test. The results showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels in the intervention group from 9.346 to 5.250 (p = 0.000) and a significant increase in learning motivation from 54.827 to 76.173 (p = 0.000). The control group showed no significant changes in anxiety (p = 0.180) or motivation (p = 0.745). It can be concluded that hypnotherapy is an effective psychoeducational intervention to reduce mathematics anxiety and enhance students’ learning motivation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adhe Noviyanti, Ajeng Tias Endarti, Nur Asniati Djaali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Combination of Hypnotherapy and Physical Activity in Reducing Anxiety Disorders in Elementary School Students
Anxiety disorders in elementary school-aged children in urban settings show an increasing trend that requires contextual intervention. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a combination of hypnotherapy and physical activity compared to a single physical activity intervention in reducing anxiety levels in phase C students at SDN Pondok Kelapa 05 Pagi. Using a quasi-experimental design, 64 students were divided into an intervention group (n=31) and a control group (n=33). The research instrument used the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) questionnaire. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the intervention group experienced a more significant decrease in anxiety scores (6.97 points) compared to the control group (2.70 points) with a p value of 0.01. However, the multivariate analysis showed that gender was the most dominant factor, where male students were 3.2 times more likely to experience a decrease in anxiety (p=0.043). This study concludes that the combination intervention provides promising added value for managing complex anxiety in schools. This research is very important to fill the literature gap regarding combination interventions in non-clinical elementary school settings. Practically, this study offers a low-cost and applicable solution for public schools in urban settings with limited resources for mental health professionals. By testing the synergy between hypnotherapy and physical activity, this research is expected to provide an effective coping model for students facing the stress of the metropolitan environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aqso Binangun, Nur Asniati Djaali, Titi Indriyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Rehabilitation Professionals: Occupational Therapists, Physiotherapists, and Speech Therapists
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are an occupational health problem frequently experienced by healthcare workers. Rehabilitation professionals such as occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and speech therapists are at risk of experiencing musculoskeletal complaints due to their work involving physical activity, repetitive movements, and non-ergonomic working postures when treating patients. However, data on the prevalence of WMSDs among rehabilitation professionals in Indonesia is still limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal complaints among rehabilitation professionals. Methods: This study used a quantitative observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of 189 rehabilitation professionals at a therapy service provider, with 73 respondents completing an online form. The research instrument used a respondent characteristics form and a Nordic body map (NBM). Results: The prevalence of WMSDs in the last 12 months was 95.9%, while the prevalence in the last 7 days was 83.6%. A total of 61.6% of respondents reported obstacles to daily activities due to musculoskeletal complaints. The most common complaints are in the lower back, shoulders, neck, and upper back. Conclusion: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in rehabilitation professionals is very high. Therefore, preventive measures, improvements in work ergonomics, and occupational health promotion are needed. This study aims to describe the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in rehabilitation professionals, including occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and speech therapists.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Luthfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Work Posture and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Pottery Craftsmen (Study in Gedangan Village, Maduran District, Lamongan Regency)
The WHO (2022) reports that 1.71 billion people worldwide suffer from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), contributing to 17% of Years Lived with Disability (YLDs). MSD risk is higher among informal sector workers, including pottery artisans. Preliminary surveys and local health worker information show 60% of pottery artisans in Gedangan Village experience lower back and neck pain. Objective: To analyze the relationship between work posture and musculoskeletal disorders among pottery artisans in Gedangan Village, Maduran District, Lamongan Regency. Methods: Quantitative observational analysis using a cross-sectional approach on 92 pottery craftsmen. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire were used, tested using Kendall's Tau statistics. Results: Most craftsmen had work postures with high ergonomic risk (84.78%). 84.74% were in the high-risk category (RULA score 7). Nearly half of musculoskeletal disorders were at moderate risk (45.7%), with most complaints in the left leg (95.65%), buttocks (94.57%), and waist (93.48%). Kendall's Tau test yielded a coefficient of -0.433 with p=0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between work posture and musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between work posture and musculoskeletal disorders in pottery craftsmen, requiring efforts to improve work posture, stretching education, and rest time management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusriiyahna Wamufiidah, Zufra Inaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Leadership Style on the Work Motivation of Health Workers in Regional General Hospitals: Literature Review
Health workers are a key resource in hospital service systems, and their work motivation directly affects the quality of healthcare services. Low work motivation among health workers may lead to decreased performance, increased burnout, and higher turnover rates. One of the organizational factors that plays an important role in shaping work motivation is leadership style. This article aims to analyze the influence of leadership styles on the work motivation of health workers in Regional General Hospitals (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah [RSUD]) through a literature review approach. A narrative literature review was conducted by searching for open-access scientific articles in Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and the Garuda Portal. The inclusion criteria covered original research articles published between 2015 and 2025, discussing the relationship between leadership style and the work motivation of health workers in the RSUD context and available in full text. A total of five selected articles were analyzed and synthesized thematically. The findings indicate that effective ward leadership, democratic/participative leadership, and achievement-oriented leadership are positively associated with nurses' work motivation in RSUD. In contrast, leadership that provides limited staff involvement does not support optimal work motivation. This review concludes that strengthening communicative, participative, and empowering leadership is an important strategy for improving health workers' motivation and supporting service quality in Regional General Hospitals. Therefore, hospital management is recommended to strengthen leadership capacity through training, supportive supervision, and leadership practices that encourage the active involvement of health workers in decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lilis Heri Mis Cicih, Natasia, Haerurahman Fardiansyah, Ajwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Review of Active Fire Protection Compliance Based on National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standards in Building X, PT Y
Fire remains a global problem with a significant impact on life safety and economic losses. Data from the National Fire Protection Association shows that in 2023, there were approximately 1,389,000 fires in the United States, including 470,000 building fires, resulting in fatalities and billions of dollars in losses. Office buildings have a high fire risk due to the intensity of activity and the use of electrical installations, requiring fire protection systems that adhere to National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards. In 2025, a fire occurred on the first floor of Building X, South Jakarta, triggered by a short circuit due to an air conditioning drainage leak and unprotected cables. This study aimed to assess the compliance of fire extinguishers (APAR), hydrants, sprinklers, detectors, and fire alarms with NFPA standards. The method used was qualitative with a narrative design through observation using the NFPA checklist, measuring installation distances, documenting equipment, and reviewing documents, which were then analyzed chronologically (restorying). The results showed that 35.7% of fire extinguishers did not comply with NFPA 10, 13.3% of fire hydrants did not comply with NFPA 14, and 25% of sprinklers did not comply with NFPA 13. All detectors and alarms were 100% compliant with NFPA 72. Installation improvements, increased maintenance, and regular monitoring in accordance with NFPA standards are recommended to minimize fire risk.
Copyright (c) 2026 Widian Nita, Cut Alia Keumala Muda, Fierdania Yusvita, Namira Wadjir Sangadji, Muhammad Rizky Jayana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Description of Respondent Characteristics and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis (TB) Incidence at the Rancaekek Community Health Center, Bandung Regency in 2025
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in West Java Province. Rancaekek Subdistrict has the highest number of TB cases in Bandung Regency, with 303 cases reported in 2020. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of respondents and risk factors associated with TB incidence at the Rancaekek Public Health Center. A case-control study design was used with a total sample of 60 respondents, consisting of 20 cases and 40 controls. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that the majority of respondents were aged 25–45 years (53.3%), male (56.7%), lived in high-density housing (60.0%), had inadequate house ventilation (53.3%), and poor lighting conditions (51.7%). In addition, most respondents had smoking habits (56.7%), and 40.0% had a history of contact with TB patients. A total of 33.3% of respondents were TB cases. In conclusion, demographic characteristics, housing environmental conditions, and behavioral factors have the potential to contribute to TB incidence. Therefore, strengthening environmental health promotion, improving housing conditions, and enhancing community education are necessary to reduce the risk of TB transmission in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusnan Yusuf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Unsafe Actions on Workplace Accidents in the Fabrication Workshop of PT. X
Background: Workplace accidents in the industrial sector remain a critical issue requiring serious attention, particularly in fabrication workshop environments with high hazard potential. One of the primary contributing factors is unsafe action, defined as unsafe behaviors performed by workers, such as failure to use personal protective equipment (PPE), lack of discipline, and reduced focus during work. These behaviors increase the likelihood of injuries and workplace losses. This study aims to analyze the relationship between unsafe actions and workplace accidents at the Fabrication Workshop of PT. X. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 96 respondents selected using simple random sampling based on the Slovin formula. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) and an Odds Ratio of 9.625 (95% CI: 3.641–25.441), indicating a significant association between unsafe actions and workplace accidents. Workers engaging in unsafe behaviors are at higher risk of experiencing accidents compared to those demonstrating safe practices. Therefore, companies are recommended to strengthen occupational health and safety implementation through JSA evaluation, regular safety briefings, enhanced supervision of work behavior, and consistent application of reward and punishment systems to reduce accident risks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mazroatus Sholihah, Nugrahadi Dwi Pasca Budiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The Productive Age Group (15-64 Years) In The Wajo Community Health Center Work Area, Baubau City In 2025
Based on data from the non-communicable disease programmer at the Wajo Health Center in Baubau City, the risk of diabetes mellitus occurs from the age of 15 years and above, in 2020 the number of sufferers was 296 cases and in 2024 it increased with the number of sufferers being 301 cases. In this case the number of cases of diabetes mellitus increased from 2020 to 2024. The aim of the study was to determine the related factors such as knowledge, obesity, physical activity and diet with type 2 diabetes mellitus in productive age (15-64 years) in the Wajo Community Health Center Working Area, Baubau City in 2025. This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional study design. The population comprised 301 productive-age individuals (15-64 years) in Lamangga, Tanganapada, and Wajo sub-districts, with a sample size of 72. The sampling technique used was random sampling with univariate and bivariate analysis. The chi-square test was used. The results showed a relationship between knowledge (p-value = 0.029 < 0.05), obesity (p-value = 0.012 < 0.05), physical activity (p-value = 0.002 < 0.05), and dietary patterns (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Wajo Community Health Center, Baubau City.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jumadi, Sriwulan, Eky Endriana Amiruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Social Environment, Self-Disclosure and History of Chronic Disease with Family Harmony
Families play a vital role in shaping the personality and well-being of their members, making family harmony a crucial factor in creating a positive atmosphere. However, harmony is often disrupted by external factors such as the social environment and history of chronic disease, as well as internal factors such as a lack of self-disclosure. Family harmony becomes increasingly vulnerable when a family member suffers from a chronic illness, such as stroke, diabetes mellitus, and other chronic illnesses. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the social. environment, self-disclosure, and history of chronic disease and family harmony in the DPW PKHI Community in West Java. This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in the DPW PKHI Community in West Java, which consisted of 162 individuals. The analytical methods used were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The results of the bivariate study with chisquare showed that from the demographics of the members of the DPW PKHI West Java, only employment (p=0.000; OR=12.528) was related to family harmony, while other demographics were not related (p-value=>0.05). Meanwhile, in the variable relationship test, social environment (p=0.000; OR=21.377), self-disclosure (p=0.002; OR=2.808), history of chronic disease (p=0.000; OR=6.605) were related to family harmony. Strengthening social support and increasing open communication within families, as well as psychological interventions such as hypnotherapy, are needed to prevent conflict and strengthen family harmony, especially in families with members with chronic illnesses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daria Hanum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Compliance with the Use of Personal Protective Equipment and the Risk of Occupational Accidents among Welding Workshop Workers in District X
Welding work has a high potential for hazards such as hot metal sparks, ultraviolet radiation, welding fumes, and electric shock which can increase the risk of occupational accidents. Preliminary observations in welding workshops in Kebomas District showed that many workers still do not use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) completely. This study aims to analyze the relationship between compliance with PPE use and the risk of work accidents among welding workshop workers in Kebomas District. This study used a quantitative analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 80 workers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and risk assessment using the HIRARC method and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 87.5% of workers were non-compliant in using PPE and 12.5% were compliant. The risk assessment showed that 42.5% of workers were in the moderate risk category, 35% in the high risk category, and 22.5% in the low risk category. The Chi-Square test showed a p-value of 0.026 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant relationship between PPE compliance and the risk of work accidents. Workers who were not compliant with PPE use had a 4.38 times higher risk of occupational accidents than compliant workers. Efforts are needed to increase PPE compliance through occupational safety education and the provision of educational media such as posters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diyah Ayu Agustina, Dwi Faqihatus Syarifah Has https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Hand Hygiene Education Using Audiovisual Media in Preventing Diarrhea in Elementary School Children at SDN 05 Lubang Buaya, East Jakarta
Introduction: Diarrhea remains a major health problem in school-aged children. Low levels of clean and healthy living behavior, particularly handwashing habits, contribute to the high incidence of diarrhea. Health education using audiovisual media is considered effective in increasing children's knowledge because it involves the senses of sight and hearing simultaneously. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of hand hygiene education using audiovisual media in increasing knowledge of diarrhea prevention in elementary school children at SDN 05 Lubang Buaya. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The research sample consisted of 73 students selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire on knowledge about hand hygiene and diarrhea prevention. Data analysis used a Paired t-Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The majority of respondents were female (40 students (54.8%) and aged 10–13 years (69 students (94.5%). Before being given education, most respondents had a low level of knowledge of 69 students (94.5%), while after education most had a good level of knowledge of 72 students (98.6%). The results of the Paired t-Test showed a p-value = 0.000 (p <0.05) with a difference in the average knowledge score of 52.616, which indicates a significant increase in knowledge after providing education using audiovisual media. Conclusion: Hand hygiene education using audiovisual media is effective in increasing the knowledge of elementary school students in diarrhea prevention efforts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Helena Golang Nuhan, Syasa Indriani Sampulawa, Slamet Santoso Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Primary Healthcare Service Quality Improvement Model Based on Patient Perceptions at Manipi Community Health Center
The quality of primary healthcare services is a key indicator in improving patient satisfaction and loyalty toward first-level healthcare facilities. Patients' perceptions can serve as the basis for developing sustainable service quality improvement strategies. This study aimed to analyze patient perceptions regarding the quality of primary healthcare services and to formulate a service quality improvement model at Manipi Community Health Center, West Sinjai District. A descriptive design with quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. Data were collected through closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaires, field observations, and semi-structured interviews involving 31 respondents selected via accidental sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions, percentages, and thematic narratives. The findings revealed that most respondents perceived service quality as good to very good. The most positively rated aspects included staff friendliness, clarity of service information, affordability, patient privacy and confidentiality, and service accessibility. However, service waiting time, limited waiting-room facilities, and accessibility for disabled patients still require improvement. Based on these findings, a service quality improvement model was developed, consisting of strengthening service communication, improving service efficiency, developing supporting facilities, strengthening privacy and patient safety, and enhancing healthcare human resources. Patient perceptions can serve as a basis for sustainable primary healthcare quality improvement at Manipi Community Health Center.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hardi, Mutmainnah Latief, Miftahul Jannah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship Between Leadership Style and Work Discipline of Health Administration Employees at Puskesmas Sigambal Rantauprapat
Background: Work discipline is a critical factor in the effectiveness of health service delivery at primary health care centers (puskesmas). Leadership style plays a pivotal role in shaping employee behavior, including compliance with organizational rules and professional norms. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between leadership style and work discipline among health administration employees at Puskesmas Sigambal Rantauprapat in 2026. Methods: A quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The population consisted of all health administration employees (n = 42). Total sampling was applied, yielding a sample of 42 respondents. Data were collected through validated and reliable questionnaires. Univariate analysis was conducted to describe the frequency distribution of each variable, and bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Of the 42 respondents, 52.4% perceived a democratic leadership style and 47.6% perceived an autocratic leadership style. Work discipline was categorized as good in 57.1% of respondents and poor in 42.9%. Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between leadership style and work discipline (p-value = 0.003; OR = 6.50; 95% CI: 1.82–23.21). Health administration employees who perceived a democratic leadership style were 6.5 times more likely to exhibit good work discipline than those who perceived an autocratic style. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between leadership style and work discipline among health administration employees at Puskesmas Sigambal Rantauprapat. Health center managers are encouraged to adopt a democratic leadership approach to foster compliance, responsibility, and a professional work culture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Anggraini Damanik, Supriati, Nana Erika, Nur Indah Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Qualitative Study of Drug Control in the Internal Medicine Clinic of Dr. Abdul Radjak Hospital, Purwakarta to Support Health Services
Hospital Pharmacy Installation (IFRS) is a functional implementation unit that organizes all pharmaceutical service activities in hospitals, including the management of pharmaceutical preparations, medical devices, disposable medical materials (BMHP), as well as clinical pharmacy services such as prescription assessment, counseling, and drug therapy monitoring, aimed at improving quality, ensuring legal certainty, and protecting patients. Dr. Abdul Radjak General Hospital, Purwakarta, experienced a high number of visits to the internal medicine clinic in 2021-2023, potentially leading to under-stocking of medications, which could reduce the quality of patient care. Drug inventory control is essential to optimize existing healthcare services. The objective was to determine the qualitative results of drug control at the Internal Medicine Clinic at Dr. Abdul Radjak General Hospital, Purwakarta. This research method utilized in-depth interviews and observation. The results revealed that the current drug inventory control system primarily employs the consumption method based on data from previous consumption periods. In certain circumstances, a combination of the consumption and morbidity methods (proxy consumption) is also utilized.. The availability of drugs prescribed by internal medicine specialists is often lacking, impacting healthcare services. Further research is recommended using quantitative methods to assess the effectiveness of the ABC-VEN method in improving healthcare services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Rachman, Nur Asniati Djaali, Lilis Heri Mis Cicih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of HIV Screening Services among Populations at Risk of HIV Infection in Musi Rawas Utara District, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
HIV screening is one of the Minimum Service Standards (MSS) in the health sector aimed at facilitating the early detection of HIV infection among populations at risk of HIV infection. Although regulated under the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 6 of 2024, the implementation of HIV screening at the local level continues to face challenges that affect the achievement of program targets. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of HIV screening in Musi Rawas Utara District using the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation framework. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed involving 15 purposively selected informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), observations, and document reviews, and were analyzed thematically using NVivo software. The findings revealed that the implementation of HIV screening has generally been carried out; however, it has not yet achieved optimal program performance. Implementation was supported by clear policy regulations, the availability of essential resources, coordination among health service facilities, supportive organizational characteristics, and strong commitment from program implementers. Nevertheless, several challenges remained, including limited operational funding, high workload among health workers, difficulties in reaching high-risk populations, suboptimal cross-sectoral coordination, and persistent HIV-related stigma, fear, and limited public literacy. In conclusion, optimizing HIV screening implementation requires strengthening health system capacity, enhancing cross-sectoral collaboration, and developing community empowerment strategies to improve access among high-risk populations while reducing HIV-related stigma.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risga Nikmah, Arie Wahyudi, Chairil Zaman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Factors Affecting Stress Levels Among Post-Retirement Elderly in Kelapa Gading Barat Urban Village, Kelapa Gading District, North Jakarta
Retirement is a transitional phase into old age that requires individuals to adapt to physical, psychological, social, and economic changes. Failure to adapt to these changes may increase the risk of stress among older adults. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with stress levels among post-retirement elderly individuals in Kelapa Gading Barat Village, Kelapa Gading District, North Jakarta, including age, gender, physical dependency, family support, loneliness, and social engagement. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of post-retirement elderly residents living in Kelapa Gading Barat Village. A total of 98 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. The results showed that gender (p=0.010; OR=3.168), physical dependency (p=0.030; OR=2.824), family support (p=0.026; OR=3.098), and loneliness (p=0.001; OR=4.263) were significantly associated with stress levels. In contrast, age (p=1.000) and social engagement (p=0.108) were not significantly associated with stress levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that loneliness was the most dominant factor associated with stress levels among post-retirement elderly individuals (p=0.002; OR=4.059; 95% CI=1.673–9.849). In conclusion, loneliness is the primary factor associated with stress among post-retirement elderly individuals. Therefore, promotive and preventive efforts are needed through mental health screening, counseling services, support group development, and increased community awareness and social participation to reduce loneliness and prevent stress among older adults.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sisilia Nike Ismadianti, Ajeng Tias Endarti, Siti Jumhati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Associated with Online Gaming Addiction Among Adolescents in Pisangan Timur Urban Village, East Jakarta
With the rapid development of technology and high smartphone access in dense urban areas such as Pisangan Timur Village, East Jakarta, online game use among adolescents is increasing and carries the risk of addictive behavior that impacts physical, psychological, social, and academic aspects. Therefore, research is needed to analyze the factors associated with addictive online gaming behavior as a basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and control strategies. This study aims to identify factors associated with addictive online gaming behavior among adolescents in Pisangan Timur Village, East Jakarta. The research method used was quantitative, with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted on 88 adolescents with tendencies toward online gaming addiction in the Pisangan Timur Village, East Jakarta. The analysis methods used were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis revealed that factors associated with addictive online gaming behavior in adolescents were depression (p=0.027; OR=5.182), duration/frequency of gaming (p=0.003; OR=11.094), and a supportive social environment (p=0.003; OR=14.571). Age, gender, parenting style, and access to and availability of technology did not show a significant relationship (p>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant factors such as gaming duration (p=0.014; OR=7.463) and social environment (p=0.034; OR=10.604). The lowest p-value indicates that gaming duration is the dominant factor. Recommendations include limiting and monitoring gaming duration by parents, strengthening digital literacy in schools, supporting educational programs and alternative spaces from the government, creating a conducive social environment, and developing longitudinal research to sustainably prevent addictive online gaming behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sriyani Lianhati, Ajeng Tias Endarti, Titi Indriyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection of Tuberculosis, COVID-19, and Pneumonia from X-ray Images Using CNN
Tuberculosis, COVID-19, and pneumonia are lung diseases that require early detection support based on chest X-ray imaging. This study aimed to develop a detection system based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify chest X-ray images into normal or disease conditions. This research applied a system development approach using secondary datasets from Kaggle, image processing through size and pixel-intensity normalization, CNN model training using Teachable Machine, and web-based application implementation using Python, Streamlit, OpenCV, Keras, and NumPy. The dataset was divided into 70% training data and 30% testing data. The evaluation results showed model accuracies of 99.37% for Tuberculosis, 100% for COVID-19, and 95.45% for Pneumonia. Application sample testing indicated that all test images were predicted according to the actual diagnosis, with average confidence scores of 98.88% for Tuberculosis, 100% for COVID-19, and 96.66% for Pneumonia. This system may function as a predictive tool for early chest X-ray screening; however, the results must be confirmed by health professionals and further validated using real clinical data.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhtar, Gunawan, Lili Ruhyana, Danang Kristioko Legowo, Abdul Firman, Mulyatno, Aditya Ryan Mahendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Literature Review: Factors Influencing the Success of Recruitment and Selection in the Healthcare Sector
Quality human resources are a key factor in determining the success of healthcare organizations. Effective recruitment and selection are strategic steps to acquire competent healthcare workers according to organizational needs. This study aims to identify factors influencing successful recruitment and selection in the healthcare sector through a literature review. A literature search was conducted from January to February 2026 using PRISMA guidelines through the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink databases. The search strategy employed a combination of keywords ("recruitment" OR "hiring") AND ("selection" OR "staff selection") AND ("healthcare" OR hospital OR health workforce) and their Indonesian equivalents. Articles were limited to publications published between 2020 and 2025, available in full text, in Indonesian or English, and discussing factors in the recruitment and selection of healthcare workers. A total of 412 articles were retrieved from the initial search process. After removing duplicates and screening based on title, abstract, and full-text eligibility, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The study results indicate that successful recruitment and selection are influenced by internal factors such as human resource planning, employer branding, recruitment strategies, competency-based selection methods, and management involvement. External factors include labor market conditions, government regulations, compensation, career development opportunities, and organizational reputation. Implementing a transparent, objective, and competency-based recruitment system contributes to improving the quality of healthcare workers and organizational performance. It was concluded that implementing a structured, transparent, and competency-based recruitment and selection system can improve the quality of healthcare workers and support organizational performance. Therefore, healthcare organizations are advised to strengthen human resource needs planning, implement competency-based selection methods, and conduct regular evaluations of the recruitment process to secure a quality and sustainable workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lilis Heri Mis Cicih, Iin Hasanah, Tazkia Zahra Imani, Iman Nurahman, Euis Nurhasanah, Yuyun Siti Nurjanah, Harisma Ghartika, Hanifah Hasbi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Balanced Nutrition Education on Increasing the Knowledge of Students at SMP Negeri 40 Medan
Adolescence is a period of rapid growth that demands optimal nutritional intake; however, limited nutritional knowledge often contributes to unbalanced dietary choices and the emergence of the double burden of malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies and obesity. This study aimed to analyse the effect of balanced-nutrition education on the improvement of nutritional knowledge among students at SMP Negeri 40 Medan. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed at SMP Negeri 40 Medan. A total of 122 students (68 female and 54 male) were recruited through total sampling. A single session of balanced-nutrition education was delivered through lectures and interactive discussions supported by presentation media. Nutritional knowledge was measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire and analysed with a paired t-test in SPSS. The mean knowledge score increased significantly from 62.4 ± 10.8 to 82.1 ± 9.6 (p < 0.001). The proportion of students with good knowledge rose from 24.6% to 70.5%, while no student remained in the poor-knowledge category after the intervention. School-based balanced-nutrition education is effective in improving adolescents’ nutritional knowledge and holds strong potential as a promotive strategy to prevent adolescent nutritional problems. Nutrition education should be integrated continuously into School Health programmes to achieve long-term changes in adolescent eating behaviour.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitri Handayani, Diza Fathamira Hamzah, Fithri Handayani Lubis, Syafrina Ulfah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inner Peace from the Perspective of Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni’s Exegesis and Its Relevance to Contemporary Mental Health (A Study of Safwat al-Tafasir)
The demands of digital life have precipitated a mental health crisis among modern society, manifesting in issues such as existential anxiety and the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). Unfortunately, strict adherence to formal religious routines does not always translate into genuine inner peace. This study aims to evaluate the concept of inner tranquility through the exegesis of Sheikh Muhammad Ali Ash-Shobuni in his work, Safwatu at-Tafasir. Employing a qualitative library research design, the study utilizes content analysis within a thematic exegesis (maudhu'i) framework. The findings demonstrate that inner tranquility is constructed in stages through the concepts of al-sakinah (an initial gift of serenity), al-thuma'ninah (inner strengthening through dhikr or remembrance of God), and nafs al-muthma'innah (the pinnacle state of a contented soul). This psycho-spiritual state rests on three pillars: the spiritual (transcendental dhikr), the mental (active patience), and the theological (steadfast faith). The research contributes a new theoretical foundation to Islamic psychology, reframing dhikr as a spiritual-cognitive therapeutic method that liberates the soul from a false reliance on worldly validation. A limitation of this study is its reliance on a text-based, theoretical-conceptual approach. Consequently, further research is recommended to transition this three-pillar concept into the realm of field studies or practical clinical experiments to empirically measure its effectiveness in reducing stress levels within digital society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salsabila Ramdani, Indra Suarda, Mustapa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Adolescent Girls' Knowledge and Attitudes and BSE (Breast Self-Examination) Behavior at SMAN 9 East Jakarta
Breast cancer was the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. The high mortality rate from breast cancer in Indonesia was largely associated with delayed detection, resulting in many cases being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) was considered a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for the early detection of breast cancer, which could improve treatment outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between female adolescents' knowledge and attitudes toward breast cancer and their Breast Self-Examination (BSE) practices at SMAN 9 East Jakarta in 2025. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The study population consisted of 264 female students, and 79 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and the Chi-square test with a significance level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results showed that 69.6% of the respondents had good knowledge, 73.4% demonstrated positive attitudes, and 64.6% had performed Breast Self-Examination. Bivariate analysis revealed significant relationships between knowledge and BSE practices (p = 0.011) and between attitudes and BSE practices (p = 0.001). It was concluded that better knowledge and positive attitudes were associated with improved BSE practices among female adolescents. Therefore, schools should collaborate with healthcare professionals to provide continuous health education and promotion programs to increase awareness and encourage regular Breast Self-Examination for early breast cancer detection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sina Amalia, Diyah Chadaryanti, Dewi Suri Damayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experiences of Patients with Advanced-Stage Lung Cancer During Treatment: A Systematic Review
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide, with an estimated two million new cases each year. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. A cancer diagnosis is a life crisis that triggers various emotional responses, including fear, anxiety, stress, and denial. This systematic review aimed to identify the experiences of patients with advanced-stage lung cancer. The review was conducted by searching the Google Scholar and PubMed databases using relevant keywords based on the title of the systematic review. Article selection was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four articles were identified that explored the experiences of patients with advanced-stage lung cancer during treatment. Based on the findings of these four studies, patients with advanced-stage lung cancer experienced negative emotions, positive emotions, and a substantial physical burden throughout their treatment journey.
Copyright (c) 2026 Armi Mawaddah, Afiatika Ahsani, Restu Arahman Melba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Baby Massage on Sleep Quality, Breastfeeding Frequency, and Weight Gain in Infants Aged 1–6 Months
The age range of 1–6 months represents a critical growth phase characterised by rapid neurological, metabolic, and somatic development. Sleep quality, breastfeeding frequency, and weight gain are essential indicators of infant growth during this period. Baby massage is a complementary therapy based on tactile stimulation that has the potential to improve these three indicators simultaneously. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of baby massage on sleep quality, breastfeeding frequency, and weight gain of infants aged 1–6 months. A quasi-experimental design with one group pretest–posttest approach was applied to 30 infants selected through purposive sampling. Baby massage was administered twice weekly for four weeks. Data were analysed using the Paired Sample t-test at a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated increases in mean sleep quality scores from 8.13±1.45 to 11.56±1.22; breastfeeding frequency from 8.27±1.34 to 10.53±1.25 times/day; and body weight from 5.82±0.96 kg to 6.34±0.98 kg, all statistically significant (p=0.001). Baby massage is proven effective in improving sleep quality, breastfeeding frequency, and weight gain and is therefore recommended as a complementary intervention in midwifery care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adriana Bangun, Achmad Zulfikar Siregar, Adelina Fitri Tanjung, Eka Ristin Tarigan, Martaulina Sinaga, Nadiyah Salsabila, Sylvira Rianda, Putri Yolanda Situmorang, Kiki Intan Nur’aini, Riris Monisha Simanjuntak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0