Faktor Risk Factors For Hypertension In Generation Z At Pulogadung Community Health Center

Oktavi Kurnia Durmaningrum; Ajeng Tias Endarti; Nur Asniati Djaali

doi:10.37012/jik.v18i2.3518

Authors

Oktavi Kurnia Durmaningrum Universitas Mohammad Husni Thamrin , Indonesia
Ajeng Tias Endarti Universitas Mohammad Husni Thamrin , Indonesia
Nur Asniati Djaali Universitas Mohammad Husni Thamrin , Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37012/jik.v18i2.3518

Keywords:

Generation Z , Hypertension, Lifestyle

Abstract

Hypertension is a condition characterized by blood pressure levels exceeding the normal range, and it is increasingly being observed among Generation Z. Lifestyle factors—such as physical inactivity, smoking, caffeine intake, consumption of fatty foods, obesity, screen time before sleep, and stress—are suspected to be risk factors for hypertension. This study aimed to identify and analyze risk factors for hypertension among Generation Z individuals within the service area of the Pulogadung Community Health Center (Puskesmas). An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 176 respondents selected via consecutive sampling at the General Clinic of the Pulogadung Community Health Center, East Jakarta, between January and February 2026. Data analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using Multiple Logistic Regression. The results indicated that gender, family history of hypertension, physical activity, smoking habits, consumption of fatty foods, caffeine intake, obesity, screen time before sleep, and stress were significantly associated with the occurrence of hypertension (p<0.05), whereas age showed no significant association. Multivariate analysis revealed that caffeine intake was the most dominant risk factor (OR=15.497). It is recommended that Generation Z limit caffeine intake and adopt a healthy lifestyle to prevent hypertension.

References

1. Angga, Y., & Elon, Y. (2021). Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan tekanan darah pada pria dewasa (The association between smoking habits and blood pressure of adult men). Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas (KESKOM), 7(1), 124–128. https://doi.org/10.25311/keskom.Vol7.Iss1.861

2. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Laporan nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2018). Laporan nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

3. Badriyah, L., & Pratiwi, R. I. R. (2024). Hubungan obesitas dengan kejadian hipertensi dan hiperglikemia di Indonesia. Ghizda: Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan.

4. Cayadewi, N. M., Meilianingsih, L., Rumijati, T., & Susanti, S. (2024). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan hipertensi pada dewasa umur 26–45 tahun. JKIFN, 4(2), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.34011/jkifn.v4i2.2629

5. Delavera, A., Siregar, K. N., Jazid, R., & Eryando, T. (2021). Hubungan kondisi psikologis stres dengan hipertensi pada penduduk usia di atas 15 tahun di Indonesia. Bikfokes, 1(3), 148–159.

6. Dilla, N. I. R., Rahman, A., & Sari, D. P. (2024). Hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi pada usia produktif. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.

7. Harahap, R. A., Rochadi, R. K., & Sarumpaet, S. (2017). Pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada laki-laki dewasa awal (18–40 tahun) di wilayah Puskesmas Bromo Medan tahun 2017. Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran, dan Ilmu Kesehatan, 1(2), 68–73.

8. Hernawan, B., & Prestiaji, U. (2023). Faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi pada usia dewasa muda. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes, 14(4), 740–745. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf14416

9. Irmayanti, I., & Rahman, F. (2025). Prahipertensi dan hipertensi pada dewasa muda Indonesia: Analisis data Indonesia Family Life Survey. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia.

10. Jingga, D. P., & Indarjo, S. (2022). Gaya hidup yang mempengaruhi hipertensi pada usia produktif di Puskesmas Andalas. Indonesian Journal of Public Health and Nutrition, 2(3), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijphn.v2i3.49740

11. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Survei kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

12. Kendariah, A., & Fairuz. (2023). Analisis faktor risiko terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada dewasa muda di Kota Jambi. E-SEHAD: Scientific of Environmental Health and Diseases, 4(1), 1–7.

13. Khoirunnisa, N., & Nafies, D. A. A. (2024). Hubungan asupan lemak jenuh dengan tekanan darah pada usia dewasa muda (20–40 tahun) di Desa Prunggahan Kulon Kecamatan Semanding Kabupaten Tuban. SEHATRAKYAT (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat), 3(4), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.54259/sehatrakyat.v3i4.3437

14. Li, F., Ma, F., Liu, S., Wang, L., Ji, L., Zheng, M., & Liu, G. (2025). Association between the screen time spent watching short videos at bedtime and essential hypertension in young and middle-aged people: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 25, 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21360-z

15. Mardotilla, N., Sari, N., & Hidayat, A. (2024). Hubungan konsumsi kopi dan konsumsi lemak jenuh dengan kejadian hipertensi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.

16. Nagata, J. M., Vittinghoff, E., Gabriel, K. P., Garber, A. K., Moran, A. E., Sidney, S., Rana, J. S., Reis, J. P., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. (2021). Physical activity and hypertension from young adulthood to middle age. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60(6), 757–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.12.018

17. Putri, D. U. P., Prasetyo, M. I., & Djamil, A. (2021). Hubungan obesitas dan stres dengan kejadian hipertensi pada usia dewasa muda di wilayah Puskesmas Sumbersari Kota Metro. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 3(2), 155–165.

18. Rachmah, A. P., Widodo, H., & Nurhayati, E. (2025). Hubungan konsumsi kafein dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pasien hipertensi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat.

19. Sawitri, H., Maulina, N., Rahayu, M. S., Nadira, C. S., & Yuziani. (2025). Sedentary screen time and health-related outcomes among female workers at North Aceh Government Office. GALENICAL: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Malikussaleh, 4(2), 1–11.

20. Sifai, I. A., & Wulandari, R. (2024). Prevalensi dan faktor risiko hipertensi pada orang dewasa di Semarang Barat. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 23(4), 344–350.

21. Spruill, T. M. (2010). Chronic psychosocial stress and hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 12(1), 10–16.

22. Umbas, I. M., Tuda, J., & Numansyah, M. (2019). Hubungan antara merokok dengan hipertensi di Puskesmas Kawangkoan. Jurnal Keperawatan.

23. Whelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., ... Wright, J. T. (2018). 2017 ACC/AHA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. Hypertension, 71(6), e13–e115.

24. World Health Organization. (2023). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

25. Yasin, S., Hasnain, M., Khan, F. R., Aslam, K., Farooq, N., & Ihsan, A. (2025). Association between obesity, digital screen time, and early hypertension in adolescents: A prospective cohort study. Cureus, 17(3), e79975. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.79975