Determining Factors of Medication Compliance in Advanced Phase Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Cikarang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37012/jik.v18i2.3485Keywords:
Medication Adherence, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, PMO, Self-Efficacy, TB-DOTSAbstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, with treatment success highly dependent on patient adherence, especially during the continuation phase. Medical record and TB program data from Annisa Cikarang Hospital (2024) show that 97 of 406 pulmonary TB patients (23.9%) experienced irregular treatment and were classified as lost to follow-up during the continuation phase, potentially increasing the risk of treatment failure and drug resistance. This study aimed to analyze determinant factors associated with medication adherence during the continuation phase in pulmonary TB patients. An analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was used, involving 113 continuation-phase pulmonary TB patients who met the inclusion criteria (total sampling). Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire supplemented with medical records and analyzed using logistic regression. Adherence was classified as compliant if medication intake reached ≥95% of the prescribed dose (WHO) or a questionnaire score ≥75%, verified against medical records and Medication Supervisor (PMO) reports. The results showed that 78.8% of respondents were adherent to treatment. Bivariate analysis found that perception, attitude, self-efficacy, PMO support, and health worker support were significantly associated with adherence, while knowledge, distance, and access to services were not significant. Multivariate analysis showed that sex (p=0.037), self-efficacy (p=0.010), and perceived service access (p=0.003) were significantly associated with adherence, with self-efficacy being the most dominant factor (OR=25.233; 95% CI: 2.193–290.348). These findings confirm the important role of psychological factors in the adherence of continuation-phase TB patients. Therefore, it is recommended that evidence-based efforts focus on strengthening self-efficacy through continuous mentoring, strengthening the role of PMOs and health workers, and optimizing access to services to support treatment success.
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