Beban Psikologis dan Kualitas Hidup Pada Pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37012/jik.v17i2.3153Keywords:
PPOK, Depresi, ansietas, kualitas hidup, beban psikologisAbstract
Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) merupakan beban kesehatan utama yang tidak hanya menyebabkan gangguan fisik tetapi juga beban psikologis signifikan berupa depresi, ansietas, dan penurunan kualitas hidup. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini menganalisis 14 studi dari berbagai negara untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara beban psikologis dan kualitas hidup pasien PPOK. Hasil menunjukkan prevalensi depresi 17,6%-57,6% dan ansietas 37,2% pada pasien PPOK, terutama pada lansia. Faktor risiko meliputi gangguan tidur, usia lanjut, status sosial ekonomi rendah, durasi penyakit, dan keparahan klinis. Dampak signifikan meliputi keterbatasan aktivitas fisik, isolasi sosial, dan beban pada caregiver. Intervensi psikologis seperti wawancara motivasional, mindfulness, dan manajemen psikiatri dalam rehabilitasi pulmoner terbukti meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan mengurangi gejala psikologis. Pendekatan biopsikososial yang komprehensif, termasuk asesmen psikologis rutin, layanan multidisiplin, dukungan caregiver, dan kebijakan nasional yang mengakui kesehatan mental, sangat diperlukan untuk penatalaksanaan PPOK yang optimal.
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