The Influence of Work Time Flexibility and Daily Bonuses on the Work Motivation of ShopeeFood Drivers in South Tangerang, with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable

Abstract

The digital economy has expanded platform-based work, including food delivery services that rely on drivers as frontline service providers. This study examines the effects of working-hour flexibility and daily bonuses on the work motivation of ShopeeFood drivers in South Tangerang, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. A quantitative causal design was applied. Data were collected through questionnaires from 95 ShopeeFood drivers selected using purposive sampling and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3. The results indicate that working-hour flexibility positively and significantly affects job satisfaction (β=0.611; t=9.457; p<0.001) and work motivation (β=0.294; t=3.004; p=0.003). Daily bonuses also positively and significantly affect job satisfaction (β=0.283; t=3.838; p<0.001) and work motivation (β=0.282; t=3.215; p=0.001). Job satisfaction positively and significantly affects work motivation (β=0.367; t=3.899; p<0.001). Job satisfaction partially mediates the effects of working-hour flexibility (β=0.224; t=3.524; p<0.001) and daily bonuses (β=0.104; t=2.722; p=0.007) on work motivation. The findings indicate that driver motivation is shaped not only by financial rewards and schedule autonomy but also by positive work experiences that foster job satisfaction. Platform management should maintain flexibility while improving the transparency and consistency of bonus mechanisms.