Determinants of Biodiversity Disclosure: The Role of Institutional Ownership, Board Gender Diversity, and Environmental Performance

Abstract

Declines in species populations, habitat destruction, land-use changes, pollution, natural resource exploitation, and climate change can disrupt the availability of raw materials, supply chain stability, productivity, and the sustainability of business operations. These conditions demonstrate that the loss of biodiversity not only carries ecological consequences but can also pose operational, regulatory, reputational, and financial risks to companies. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of institutional ownership, board gender diversity, and environmental performance on biodiversity disclosure. A quantitative approach was applied using secondary data collected from annual reports, sustainability reports, and PROPER ratings of companies in the mining and agriculture sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021-2025 period. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that institutional ownership, board gender diversity, and environmental performance influence biodiversity disclosure, both partially and simultaneously. These results indicate that oversight by institutional investors, women’s representation on the board, and environmental performance contribute to increasing companies’ transparency regarding information related to biodiversity.